Are Repaired Cells Able to Repair DNA and Avoid Mutation? Given the high burden of DNA damage, cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to repair their DNA and protect germline integrity by preventing mutations. These can be thought about through different lenses:
Mechanisms of DNA Repair
Such DNA damage is repaired by the cells itself via many different pathways such as;
For some types of damage, specific enzymes reverse the stoichiometry themselves without a template. Photolyase, for instance, repairs UV-induced damage in most organisms but evidently not humans.12
Excision Repair- this is going find the damaged portion of DNA, setErrorHandlerstyle drop it out. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes larger segments that distort the DNA helix and base-excision repair targets single damaged bases respectively3434.
Double-Strand Break Repair (DSBR): DSBR is very important process in cells, which has two main strategies:Non-homologous end joining(NHEJ) and Homologous recombination(HR). The former is through NHEJ, which ligates broken ends together directly and requires no homology to repair24, whereas the latter method utilizes the sister chromatid as a template for accurate HR25.
Importance of DNA Repair
We need DNA repair in order to survive. An inability to repair damaged DNA by DSBs can then produce mutations which results to diseases such as cancer and other genetic defects. Ongoing DNA damage may also have cellular consequences by promoting either senescence or apoptosis, and reducing the possibility of transmission of potentially deleterious mutations11.
Evolutionary Perspective
The existence of these repair mechanisms also demonstrates their critical role in survival.DNA Repair (ad) In general terms, organisms with efficient DNA repair systems are better protected from environmental stresses and maintenance of the one genomic stability will be essential for evolution towards complex life forms6.
Together these mechanisms: detection, signaling and repair secure the information in DNA for generations to come.
